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It was built according toplans by Sánchez Falconete and work started in 1645. Important artists of thetime, such as painters Juan Valdés Leal and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, thealtarpiece maker Bernardo Simón de Pineda and the sculptor Pedro Roldán,contributed some of their best works to its decoration. The famous Hieroglyphsof Death (Postrimerías) by Valdés Leal are a distinctive hallmark of the Hospital.